Curriculum Vitae

@InProceedings{Adams2024,
  author    = {Nathan Dalton and Ben King and Chelsea Saucedo and Thomas M. Adams},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM'24)},
  title     = {Important Parameters for the Characterization of Rain as an Energy Source},
  year      = {2024},
	doi       = {https://doi.org/10.11159/htff24.273}
  month     = aug,
  publisher = {Avestia Publishing},,
  abstract  = {Rainfall is an often overlooked source of renewable energy due to its relatively low energy density. However, this does not automatically imply that rain energy has no practical applications. Predicting the power potentially harnessed from rainfall nonetheless requires a basic formulation of its energy content in terms of the simple relevant parameters in a manner that has generally been done for characterizing other renewable energy resources such as solar and wind energy. In this paper, it is shown that the power potential of rainfall is a function of both its kinetic and mechanical potential energy. More specifically, the power contained in rain is proportional to the rate of rainfall, the square of the impact velocity, and the collector height. Additionally, the power output of a rain energy conversion device is proportional to collector area due to the linear relation between rate of rainfall and the volume of rain collected. With a capture device that is able to harness both the kinetic and potential energy in falling rain, the energy potential of a given geographic region can thus be determined. In this paper, a case study on the Amazon Rainforest was conducted for which it was determined that a 10,000 square meter collector at a height of 10 m has an energy potential of approximately 815 kW-hr per year.},
  keywords  = {Renewable energy, Rainfall, Rain Collection, Energy Generation, Alternative Energy},
}
  

@InProceedings{Adams2024_2,
  author    = {Thomas M. Adams and Austin Nash},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM'24)},
  title     = {Entropy Generation Analysis for Heat Exchanger Operation Subject to Step Changes in Inlet Conditions},
  year      = {2024},
	doi       = {https://doi.org/10.11159/htff24.265}
  month     = aug,
  publisher = {Avestia Publishing},,
  abstract  = {In this paper, the techniques for predicting entropy generation rates in steady heat exchanger operation are extended to include cases in which step changes in inlet conditions of one of the fluids occur. An alternate set of dimensionless parameters is suggested in the formulation such that maintaining a constant rate of transfer before and after the step change occurs is more easily accounted for. Results show that contrary to the traditional advice of minimizing entropy generation by balancing the heat capacities of the two fluids, entropy generation can both increase and decrease when deviating from nominal conditions with the accompanying values of the fluids’ heat capacities either converging or diverging. Nonetheless, it is argued that the a heat exchanger operating at nominal conditions close to balanced heat capacities represents a reasonable benchmark for heat exchanger design.},
  keywords  = {Entropy generation, Transient Heat Exchanger Analysis },
}
  

@InProceedings{Adams2023,
  author    = {Thomas Adams and Austin Nash and José Muńoz Cámara and Juan Pedro Solano Fernández},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM'23)},
  title     = {Alternate Formulation for Entropy Minimization in Forced Internal Convection},
  year      = {2023},
	doi       = {https://doi.org/10.11159/htff23.154}
  month     = aug,
  publisher = {Avestia Publishing},,
  abstract  = {In this paper, we present an alternate formulation for minimizing entropy generation in forced internal convection. Whereas most existing approaches focus on finding an optimum Reynolds number that minimizes entropy generation for a given mass flow and heat transfer rate, we explore the effects of changing flowrate for fixed channel dimensions, as well as changing flowrate and channel dimensions simultaneously. For turbulent flow with fixed channel dimensions, the minimum entropy gen-eration is realized at different optimum Reynolds number than that for fixed mass flow. When varying both flowrate and chan-nel dimensions, no absolute minimum exists, and entropy generation continues to decrease with increasing mass flow and chan-nel dimensions. In this case, minimizing entropy corresponds either to optimizing the channel dimensions for the maximum available flowrate, or vice versa. },
  keywords  = {Entropy generation minimization, forced internal convection},
}
  

@Article{White2022_2,
  author    = {F. M. White and T. M. Adams},
  journal   = {Access Science},
  title     = {Boundary-layer flow},
  year      = {2022},
  doi       = {https://doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.092500},
  publisher = {{McGraw}-Hill Professional},
}

  

@Article{White2022,
  author    = {F. M. White and T. M. Adams},
  journal   = {Access Science},
  title     = {Fluid mechanics},
  year      = {2022},
  doi       = {https://doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.262300},
  publisher = {{McGraw}-Hill Professional},
}

  

@Article{Adams2022,
  author    = {Thomas M. Adams and Warren M. Hagist},
  journal   = {AccessScience},
  title     = {Hydraulics},
  year      = {2022},
  doi       = {10.1036/1097-8542.327300},
  publisher = {{McGraw}-Hill Professional},
}
  

@Article{Adams2021_5,
  author    = {Frank M. White and Thomas Adams},
  journal   = {AccessScience},
  title     = {Bernoulli{\textquotesingle}s theorem},
  year      = {2021},
  doi       = {10.1036/1097-8542.079300},
  publisher = {{McGraw}-Hill Professional},
}
  

@Article{Adams2021_4,
  author   = {Thomas M. Adams and Benjamin E. Mertz},
  journal  = {Journal of Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (JFFHMT)},
  title    = {Horizontal {A}xis {W}ind {T}urbine {P}ower {C}oefficient as {R}elative {C}apture {A}rea},
  year     = {2021},
  issn     = {2368-6111},
  month    = nov,
  pages    = {254--261},
  volume   = {8},
  abstract = {Linear momentum theory as applied to horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) provides perhaps the most useful basis for understanding their operation. In particular, the theoretically derived expression for power coefficient represents a convenient measure of performance, as well as provides insight into optimal operating conditions. The typical interpretation of power coefficient as an energy conversion efficiency, however, especially in the context of converting the “power in the wind” to a power output, comes with several conceptual difficulties. In this paper we argue that power coefficient is better interpreted as the “relative capture area” of a wind turbine, a parameter analogous to relative capture width for ocean wave energy conversion devices. Such an interpretation removes the ambiguities associated with the efficiency concept, gives a more physically coherent picture of wind turbine operation, and provides the most pragmatic measure of performance. In addition, the relative capture idea is universally valid, applicable not only to HAWTs but all other wind machine designs as well.},
  doi      = {10.11159/jffhmt.2021.027},
  keywords = {Power coefficient, Betz limit, capture width,linear momentum theory.},
}
  

@Article{Adams2021_6,
  author    = {Frank M. White and Thomas M. Adams},
  title     = {Laminar flow},
  year      = {2021},
  month     = oct,
  doi       = {10.1036/1097-8542.369100},
  publisher = {{McGraw}-Hill Professional},
  url       = {https://www.accessscience.com/content/laminar-flow/369100},
}

  

@Article{Adams2021_3,
  author   = {Thomas M. Adams},
  journal  = {Physics of Fluids},
  title    = {On generalist scholarship: {A} hierarchical view of research},
  year     = {2021},
  month    = sep,
  number   = {9},
  pages    = {091401-1--091401-11},
  volume   = {33},
  abstract = {In this Perspective, the author presents his vision of scholarship as consisting of hierarchically nested levels of specialization, each level offering its own perspective and value. He argues that in an era of increasingly sophisticated analysis tools, modern scholarship tends to proceed largely unaware of the benefits of conducting research at the higher, more general levels of the hierarchy. Drawing upon his own research and that of others, he gives examples of the manner in which generalist scholarship may proceed, the type of unique insights it uncovers, and the wisdom afforded us via an awareness of where our scholarship resides within the hierarchy.},
  doi      = {10.1063/5.0063899},
  url      = {https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/5.0063899},
}
  

@Proceedings{Adams2021_2,
  title     = {A {R}e-examination of {P}ower {C}oefficient as a {M}easure of {P}erformance for {H}orizontal {A}xis {W}ind {T}urbines},
  year      = {2021},
  month     = {aug},
  publisher = {Avestia Publishing},
  abstract  = {Linear momentum theory as applied to horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) provides perhaps the most useful basis for understanding their operation. In particular, the theoretically derived expression for power coefficient represents a convenient measure of performance, as well as provides insight into optimal operating conditions. The typical interpretation of power factor as an energy conversion efficiency, however, especially in the context of converting the “power in the wind” to a power output, has several conceptual difficulties. In this paper it is argued that the energy efficiency interpretation of power coefficient can be misleading, potentially leading to misinterpretation of performance of different wind turbine designs. Instead, an interpretation of power coefficient as the “relative capture area” of a wind turbine is suggested, analogous to the relative capture width parameter for ocean wave energy conversion devices. Such an interpretation gives a more physically coherent picture of wind turbine performance and provides a more pragmatic measure of performance, one that can also be applied to other wind machine designs.},
  author    = {Thomas M. Adams and Benjamin E. Mertz},
  doi       = {10.11159/htff21.136},
  journal   = {Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM'21)},
}
  

@Misc{Adams2021_1,
  author   = {T. M. Adams},
  month    = mar,
  title    = {Eductionism: {A}nti-reductionism for a {B}etter {L}ife},
  year     = {2021},
  abstract = {Reductionism-the view that phenomena can be understood only through breaking things down into constituent parts-so permeates Western scientific thought that we scarcely take notice when we assume this vantage point. Touching on philosophy, science, engineering, and even psychedelic music played on the ukulele, this talk will encourage us to purposely challenge our reductionist tendencies. In so doing, we will see how we can provide opportunities for new discoveries, innovation, and a generally happier life.},
  url      = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcO8fFExGRU},
}
  

@InProceedings{Adams_2020,
  author    = {Thomas M. Adams},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Fluid Flow and Thermal Science ({ICFFTS}{\textquotesingle}20)},
  title     = {Generalist {S}cholarship and {E}ngineering {E}ducation},
  year      = {2020},
  month     = {sep},
  publisher = {Avestia Publishing},
  abstract  = {Generalist scholarship may be thought of as an approach to research in which simple models and methods are intentionally employed in order to ascertain trends, correlations, and high-level concepts that are difficult to discern when relying solely on more specialized methods. In the twenty-first century, however, the advent of sophisticated software and continually increasing computational power have generally led engineering—practice, research, and education alike—away from broad based analysis and towards more and more specialized techniques. And though specialized research can deliver a high degree of detail and quantitative accuracy in modeling systems and processes, physical insights and high-level connections are increasingly in peril of going overlooked. In this talk, we explore the tremendous opportunities that exist for generalist scholarship to complement specialist research with a particular emphasis on the thermalfluid sciences. Furthermore, given that the tools that characterize the methods of generalist scholarship are acquired early in a technical education, we will examine the potential to enhance engineering education through research at the generalist level, as well as to fill the pipeline of future engineering scholars.},
  doi       = {10.11159/icffts20.02},
}
  

@inproceedings{Bomar_2020,
  author = {Andrew J. Bomar and Thomas M. Adams},
  title = {A Robust Analytic Model of Folded Fin Cold Plates for Automotive Power Electronics Cooling},
  booktitle = {Proceeding of 5th Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference (TFEC)},
  publisher = {Begellhouse},
  year = {2020},
  doi = {10.1615/TFEC2020.trn.032440}
}

@inproceedings{Adams_2019,
  author = {Thomas Adams},
  title = {Microscale Thermal-Fluids: Still Plenty of Room at the Bottom},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering},
  publisher = {Avestia Publishing},
  year = {2019},
  url = {https://avestia.com/MCM2019_Proceedings/files/paper/Keynote - Dr.Adams.pdf},
  doi = {10.11159/htff19.01}
}

@InProceedings{,
  author    = {T. M. Adams},
  booktitle = {Rose-Hulman Lightening Talks 24},
  title     = {Reflections of a {F}ormer {W}hite {B}oy: {T}houghts on {P}rivilege in {A}merica},
  year      = {2019},
  address   = {Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN},
  month     = apr,
  

@InProceedings{Adams2018,
  author    = {Thomas M. Adams and Jason T. Collins and Johann Fernando and Sarah M. Griffin and Robert L. Kreft and Helio Kuok and Alexander E. McFarland and Ethan J. Wasylewski},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering},
  title     = {Role of {D}imensionless {P}arameters in {M}odelling {MEMS} {H}ot-arm {A}ctuators},
  year      = {2018},
  month     = aug,
  publisher = {Avestia Publishing},
  abstract  = {The current work presents a novel approach to analysing traditional U-shaped MEMS hot-arm actuators via the use of dimensional analysis. Two dimensionless groups, a thermo-electro parameter and a geometric parameter, are proposed in order to describe actuator behaviour, and the interpretation of each is discussed. Deflection data for six different actuators collected from five different studies are correlated using the dimensionless groups, resulting in a semi-empirical relationship that offers good predictability. In general, actuator deflection shows a strong linear dependence on the thermo-electro parameter, with large values of the geometric parameter resulting in smaller deflections.},
  doi       = {10.11159/htff18.148},
}

  

@InProceedings{Adams_2017,
  author    = {Thomas M. Adams},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering},
  title     = {Dimensional {A}nalysis of a {H}ot-arm {A}ctuator},
  year      = {2017},
  month     = {jun},
  publisher = {Avestia Publishing},
  abstract  = {In the present work, a dimensional analysis of hot-arm actuation is performed. Several dimensionless pi groups result,including the Biot number; a thermo-electro parameter combining voltage, electrical resistivity, and thermal expansion coefficient; and a number of geometric parameters. The dimensional analysis proves that there is no way to incorporate the dimensions of Young’s modulus in the problem, verifying suspicions voiced in a small number of earlier works. Furthermore, the thermo-electro parameter
validates the results of many models and experiments in which deflection is directly proportional to both the thermal expansion coefficient and the square of the applied voltage. Lastly, the small Biot numbers (0.001 < Bi < 0.2) encountered in hot arm actuators indicate that a lumped-element approach to thermal modelling is legitimate, and therefore capable of producing accurate results.},
  doi       = {10.11159/htff17.170},
  url       = {http://avestia.com/MCM2017_Proceedings/files/paper/HTFF/HTFF_170.pdf},
}
  

@InProceedings{Adams2016_2,
  author    = {T. M. Adams},
  booktitle = {International Conference on Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow},
  title     = {On the {S}cholarship of {G}eneralization},
  year      = {2016},
  address   = {Budapest, Hungary},
  month     = aug,
  publisher = {Avestia Publishing},
  abstract  = {In recent decades the advent of advanced software and continually increasing computational power has led to the highest degree of detail and accuracy in the modeling of physical systems and processes that has ever been seen. When the default strategy is to use such techniques, however, it can become difficult to discern physical trends, and important relationships between variables (or lack thereof) may be overlooked altogether. When engaged in the "scholarship of generalization," as opposed to specialization, the researcher purposely analyses processes at hierarchically higher conceptual levels in search of these connections. What may be lost in terms of accuracy in the resulting predictive models is regularly made up for by the vastly increased physical insight that is gained. Oftentimes interdisciplinary in nature, the broad-based approach of the scholarship of generalization well-complements the traditionally deep and narrow perspective of specialization.},
  doi       = {10.11159/htff16.2},
}
  

@InProceedings{Adams2016_1,
  author    = {Thomas M. Adams},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering},
  title     = {Improved {M}ethod for {C}onverting {E}quivalent {S}and-grain {R}oughness to {H}azen-{W}illiams {C}oefficient},
  year      = {2016},
  month     = aug,
  publisher = {Avestia Publishing},
  abstract  = {A method of predicting the Hazen-Williams roughness coefficient from knowledge of equivalent sand-grain roughness is presented. An equation resulting from combining the Hazen-Williams, Darcy-Weisbach, and Colebrook-White equations is used as the
basis of the relationship. This equation in turn is used as the theoretical foundation for correlating existing experimental data for sandgrain roughness and Hazen-Williams coefficient. Previously developed methods have not incorporated such data. The result is a correlation that shows very good agreement between accepted and predicted values, providing an improved means by which conversion of sand-grain roughness to Hazen-Williams coefficient can be accomplished where values for one or the other are not readily available.},
  doi       = {10.11159/htff16.119},
  url       = {https://avestia.com/MCM2016_Proceedings/files/paper/HTFF/119.pdf},
}
  

@InProceedings{Adams2015,
  author    = {Thomas Adams and Eric Chang and Benjamin Stevens and Matthew Thompson},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM 2015)},
  title     = {Analysis of {S}hock-plugs in {Q}uasi-{O}ne-{D}imensional {C}ompressible {F}low},
  year      = {2015},
  address   = {Barcelona, Spain},
  month     = jul,
  publisher = {Avestia Publishing},
  abstract  = {With the continuing miniaturization of technology happening a rapid pace, more and more compressible flows are occurring at the microscale. At the small length scales encountered in such microflows, the standard assumption of shockwaves having infinitesimal thickness may no longer apply. In this paper we therefore suggest the existence of "shock-plugs," standing normal shocks with finite thickness. We model shock-plugs using the same methods and assumptions as seen in standard normal shockwave analysis. The inclusion of shock thickness necessitates the inclusion of additional parameters in the analysis, however, namely differing upstream and downstream cross sectional areas, as well the pressure on the sidewalls adjacent to the shock. Predictions for changes in Mach number, temperature, pressure, and entropy are presented, all of which show deviation from conventional shockwave analysis. The models presented here may provide better estimates of shock properties in microscale applications},
  url       = {https://avestia.com/MCM2015_Proceedings/files/papers/HTFF328.pdf},
}
  

@Proceedings{Adams2014_2,
  title   = {Breve introducción a sistemas micro-electro-mecánicos ({MEMS})},
  year    = {2014},
  address = {P.P. Ingeniería Mecánica, Mecánica Eléctrica y Mecatrónica, Universidad Católica Santa María, Arequipa, Perú},
  month   = jun,
}
  

@InProceedings{Adams2014_1,
  author  = {T. M. Adams},
  title   = {A brief introduction to micro-electro-mechanical systems ({MEMS})},
  year    = {2014},
  address = {Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, San Miguel, Lima, Perú},
  month   = jun,
  url     = {https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B87Kp8wASLJJQVlyazdfWmlJb2M/},
}
  

@Misc{Adams2013,
  author       = {Thomas Adams},
  howpublished = {TEDx RoseHulman},
  month        = oct,
  title        = {Why {E}ngineering is {L}ike {P}laying the {D}oors on {S}olo {U}kulele},
  year         = {2013},
  url          = {http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fTrfvjccMY},
}
  

@Article{Adams2012,
  author    = {Thomas Adams and Christopher Grant and Heather Watson},
  journal   = {International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics},
  title     = {A {S}imple {A}lgorithm to {R}elate {M}easured {S}urface {R}oughness to {E}quivalent {S}and-grain {R}oughness},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {One of the most important resources available in the field of fluid mechanics, the Moody Chart gives Darcy friction factor as a function of Reynolds number and relative roughness. The experimentalists who generated the data correlated in the Moody Chart, however, roughened pipe surfaces by coating their internal surfaces with a monolayer of sand, the pipe wall roughness being defined as the average diameter of the sand grains. Thus, the sand-grain roughness values required for use with the Moody Chart are not derived from any direct measure of roughness using modern surface characterization equipment, such as an optical profilometer. Using direct measurements of surface roughness in fluid flow calculations may therefore result in significant error. In this paper we present a simple algorithm with which various measured surface roughness parameters can be converted to equivalent sand-grain roughness. For nearly every surface roughness value converted to equivalent sand-grain roughness using the algorithm, better agreement with fluid flow experiments is seen over using the raw roughness value.},
  doi       = {10.11159/ijmem.2012.008},
  publisher = {Avestia Publishing},
  url       = {https://ijmem.avestia.com/2012/008.html},
}
  

@InProceedings{,
  author    = {C. Grant and T. Adams and H. Watson},
  booktitle = {roceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics,},
  title     = {A {S}imple {A}lgorithm to {R}elate {M}easured {S}urface {R}oughness to {E}quivalent {S}and-grain {R}oughness},
  year      = {2012},
  address   = {Ottawa, ON, Canada},
  month     = aug,
  abstract  = {One of the most important resources available in the field of fluid mechanics, the Moody Chart gives Darcy friction factor as a function of Reynolds number and relative roughness. The experimentalists who generated the data correlated in the Moody Chart, however, roughened pipe surfaces by coating their internal surfaces with a monolayer of sand, the pipe wall roughness being defined as the average diameter of the sand grains. Thus, the sand grain roughness values required for use with the Moody Chart are not derived from any direct measure of roughness using modern surface characterization equipment, such as an optical profilometer. Using direct measurements of surface roughness in fluid flow calculations may therefore result in significant error. In this paper we present a simple algorithm with which various measured surface roughness parameters can be converted to equivalent sand grain roughness. For all surface roughness values converted to equivalent sand-grain roughness using the algorithm, better agreement with fluid flow experiments is seen over using the raw roughness values.},
}
  

@InProceedings{Adams2011_2,
  author    = {T. M. Adams},
  booktitle = {{F}ive {Y}ears of {L}earning {T}ogether, {CPSE} 2011 {T}eaching {W}orkshop},
  title     = {Formative {C}lassroom {A}ssessment {T}echniques},
  address   = {, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN},
  month     = aug,
}
  

@InProceedings{Adams2011,
  author    = {Adams, T. M. and Raghunandan, A.},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of Canadian Congress of Applied Mechanics (CANCAM) 2011, Vancouver, BC, Canada, June 5-9, 2011},
  title     = {Modified {B}ernoulli {E}quation for {U}se {W}ith {C}ombined {E}lectro-{O}smotic and {P}ressure-{D}riven {M}icroflows},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {In this paper we present electro-osmotic (EO) flow within a more traditional fluid mechanics framework. Specifically, the modified Bernoulli equation (viz. the energy equation, the mechanical energy equation, the pipe flow equation, etc.) is shown to be applicable to EO flows if an electrical potential energy term is also included. The form of the loss term in the modified Bernoulli equation is unaffected by the presence of an electric field; i.e., the loss term still represents the effect of wall shear stress, which can be represented via a friction factor. We show that that the friction factor for pure EO flow (no applied pressure gradient) varies inversely with the Reynolds number based on the Debeye length of the electric double layer. Expressions for friction factor for combined laminar pressure-driven and EO flow are also given. These are shown to be functions of Reynolds number and geometry, as well as the relative strength of the applied electric field to the applied pressure gradient.},
}
  

@InProceedings{Adams2010_3,
  author       = {Adams, T. M. and Dee, K. C.},
  booktitle    = {Designing Effective Learning Environments, CPSE 2010 Teaching Workshop},
  title        = {. Classroom {A}ssessment {T}echniques},
  year         = {2010},
  address      = {Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN},
  month        = aug,
  organization = {Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology},
}
  

@InProceedings{Adams2010_2,
  author    = {Adams, T. M. and Bomar, A. J. and Kirkpatrick, S.},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the CSME Forum 2010, Victoria, BC, Canada, June 7-10, 2010},
  title     = {Lumped element model for a {MEMS} hot arm actuator},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {A simplified lumped element model for a MEMS hot arm actuator is presented. The model assumes the actuator is characterized by only two temperatures, one for the hot arm and one for the cold arm, which are calculated based on the inputted electrical power. A mechanical model that uses the results of the lumped thermal model as inputs to predict tip deflection is also presented. Deflection results are compared to previously published data with good agreement, suggesting that a simplified thermal analysis of hot arm actuators can suffice for modeling purposes},
}
  

@InProceedings{Adams2010_1,
  author    = {Thomas M. Adams and Richard A. Layton and Corey M. Taylor},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2010 National Capstone Design Conference, Boulder, CO},
  title     = {Raising {E}xpectations for the {Q}uality of {G}raphical {E}lements in {R}eports and {P}resentations},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Engineering professionals and students are often unaware of, and therefore neglect, principles of design, rhetoric, and data display in preparing the illustrations, graphs, tables, equations, and schematics they include in reports and presentations. We have developed two learning modules to address this issue in the junior year. The first 
module is a two-hour workshop given in a mechanical engineering measurement systems course and the second module is a component of a technical and professional communications course. We present an overview of these activities. The goal of the modules is to expand the skill set and critical-thinking ability of our undergraduates. 
The goal of this paper is to share our approach, prompt awareness and discussion, and encourage adaptation in other programs.},
  url       = {http://capstonedesigncommunity.org/sites/default/files/proceedings_papers/Adams_Layton_Taylor.pdf},
}
  

@InProceedings{Layton,
  author    = {Richard Layton and Thomas Adams},
  booktitle = {2010 Annual Conference {\&} Exposition Proceedings},
  title     = {On {T}eaching the {O}perating {P}rinciples of {P}iezoresistive {S}ensors},
  year      = {2010},
  month     = jun,
  publisher = {{ASEE} Conferences},
  abstract  = {We present an approach to teaching the operating principles of piezoresistive sensors that addresses many of the limitations of the treatments encountered in most instrumentation and MEMS textbooks. Namely, we direct the presentation to an undergraduate audience rather than a research-level audience and at the same time we avoid oversimplifying the development of the principles of operation. To this end, we make a discussion of bridge analysis central to the development, use a strain-formulation for gage factor and piezoresistor placement rather than the more common stress-formulation, and keep the associated physics and mathematics at an appropriate level for sophomore engineering undergraduates. In so doing, we maintain accessibility and coherence throughout. We present several sets of learning objectives and strategies for teaching the material that can be tailored to suit the needs of a particular course.},
  doi       = {10.18260/1-2--16635},
  url       = {https://peer.asee.org/16635},
}
  

@InProceedings{Adams2008,
  author    = {T. M. Adams and A. R. White},
  booktitle = {Advances in Fluid Mechanics {VII}},
  title     = {Macroscopic conservation equation based model for surface tension driven flow},
  year      = {2008},
  editor    = {M. Rahman and C. A. Brebbia},
  month     = {may},
  pages     = {133-141},
  publisher = {{WIT} Press},
  volume    = {59},
  abstract  = {Due to the small scales encountered in MEMS and microfluidic devices, surface tension can play a significant role in the device physics. As such, many microscale devices have exploited surface tension forces to serve as passive valves and to move fluids. Surprisingly, few models for surface tension driven flow seem to have been developed.
 In this study a theoretical mathematical model for surface tension driven flowthrough a capillary of an arbitrary cross section is derived. The model is based on macroscopic mass and momentum balances, allowing for different physical insights to be drawn compared to approaches starting with the Navier-Stokes equations. Expressions for flow length and velocity are derived for both frictionless flow and for flow with wall friction. For frictionless flow the result of surface tension force is to increase the momentum of the fluid by constantly drawing mass into the capillary at a constant characteristic velocity. In the case of flow with wall friction, a characteristic time scale can be calculated. For times on the order of the characteristic time scale, the flow velocity exponentially decays from the characteristic velocity, whereas for larger times the velocity shows an inverse power law dependence. The model well predicts flow
behaviour for previously published experiments in which the characteristic time
is small. For systems in which the characteristic time is larger, the model may
show improved performance over previous models.},
  doi       = {10.2495/afm080131},
  url       = {https://www.witpress.com/elibrary/wit-transactions-on-engineering-sciences/59/18835},
}
  

@InProceedings{Deckert2006,
  author    = {Deckert, M. and Kirkpatrick, S. and Adams, T. and Wheeler, E. and Siahmakoun, A.},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of SEM 2006, St Louis, MO, June 4-7, 2006},
  title     = {{SMA} {E}nergy-{S}cavenger {MEMS} {D}evice},
  year      = {2006},
}
  

@InProceedings{Siahmakoun2006,
  author    = {Siahmakoun, A. and Adams, T. and Wheeler, E. and Kirkpatrick, S.},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of MRS 2006 Conference, San Francisco, CA, April 17-21, 2006},
  title     = {Undergraduate {MEMS}-{N}ano {C}ourses for {E}veryone},
  year      = {2006},
}
  

@Article{Adams_2005,
  author    = {Adams, T. M. and Kirkpatrick, S. R. and Wang, Z. and Siahmakoun, A.},
  journal   = {Materials Letters},
  title     = {{NiTi} {S}hape {S}emory {A}lloy {T}hin {F}ilms {D}eposited by {C}o-evaporation},
  year      = {2005},
  month     = {apr},
  number    = {10},
  pages     = {1161--1164},
  volume    = {59},
  abstract  = {NiTi shape memory alloy thin films from separate evaporation sources are produced. One micron films with a gradient of Ni-Ti ratios are fabricated at temperatures of 200 °C with a deposition rate of 8.3 Ĺ/s. A single e-beam evaporation system combined with a thermal evaporation source is used to create a co-evaporation process. The evaporation rate of the nickel in the evaporation source is allowed to develop a steady state, and then the e-beam evaporation of the titanium is controlled to maintain the correct rate and desired ratio. The resulting thin films that exhibit the two-way shape memory effect had approximately a 50% concentration of titanium as measured by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.matlet.2004.12.019},
  publisher = {Elsevier {BV}},
}
  

@InProceedings{Siahmakoun2004,
  author    = {Siahmakoun, A. and Kirkpatrick, S. and Adams, T.},
  booktitle = {Workshop on {N}ano and {M}icrosystems {T}echnology and {M}etrology, {R}edstone {A}rsenal, {AL}, {N}ov. 17-18, 2004},
  title     = {Shaped memory alloy {T}i{N}i heat actuator},
  year      = {2004},
  month     = nov,
}
  

@InProceedings{Adams2004,
  author    = {T. M. Adams},
  booktitle = {2004 Annual Conference Proceedings},
  title     = {An {U}ndergraduate {MEMS} {C}ourse for {E}veryone},
  year      = {2004},
  month     = jun,
  publisher = {{ASEE} Conferences},
  abstract  = {Miniaturization is becoming a dominant theme in a large variety of technologies. With this increased miniaturization comes the need to familiarize undergraduate students from a variety of science and engineering students with such technology. Unfortunately, most courses currently offered in micro electrical mechanical systems (MEMS) target graduate-level students or senior- level students with highly specialized backgrounds. Recently, eight faculty members from five different academic departments at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology collaborated to develop an introductory course in MEMS open to all science and engineering majors of junior standing. This course was team-taught and included a laboratory component, giving students hands-on experience with the processes involved in the fabrication of MEMS devices. This paper presents the results to date of this multidisciplinary faculty team’s efforts to make MEMS more accessible to a larger audience. In particular, the paper documents the development of the new course and its content, as well as the continuing evolution of its implementation.},
  doi       = {10.18260/1-2--13371},
  url       = {https://peer.asee.org/13371},
}
  

@InProceedings{Wang2004,
  author    = {Wang, Z. and Kirkpatrick, S. R. and Adams, T. and Siahmakoun, A.},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of SEM X {I}nternational {C}ongress & {E}xposition on {E}xperimental and {A}pplied {M}echanics},
  title     = {{T}i{N}i {MEMS} {H}eat {E}ngine},
  year      = {2004},
  month     = jun,
  publisher = {Bethel : Society for Experimental Mechanics},
  abstract  = {Preliminary models have been developed to estimate the heat transfer and structural mechanics characteristics of a proposed shape memory alloy (SMA) MEMS heat engine consisting of a temperature gradient driven oscillating TiNi cantilever beam. The heat transfer model predicts the expected frequency of cantilever oscillations by assuming one-dimensional axial conduction within the cantilever while incorporating variable property information to account for the austenite/martensite transformation within the TiNi. The structural mechanics model predicts cantilever tip deflection by assuming that any strain above the proportional limit is recoverable and can therefore be assigned a second modulus of elasticity. Standard assumptions for beams undergoing small deflection are otherwise employed. For a 100 µm long cantilever 20 µm wide and 2 µm thick, the model predicts a cycling time of 3-6 ms, corresponding to a frequency of 100-300 hz for hot and cold temperature reservoirs of 100oC and 20oC, respectively. The model further predicts that a 0.03 mN point load applied to the tip of the cantilever will result in a deflection of 4.5 µm. These values compare well with the existing literature on SMA-MEMS actuators and suggest the feasibility of producing such a SMA MEMS heat engine.},
}
  

@Article{Adams_1999-3,
  author    = {Adams, T. M. and Dowling, M. F. and Abdel-Khalik, S. I. and Jeter, S. M.},
  journal   = {International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer},
  title     = {Applicability of {T}raditional {T}urbulent {S}ingle-phase {F}orced {C}onvection {C}orrelations to {N}on-circular {M}icrochannels},
  year      = {1999},
  month     = {dec},
  number    = {23},
  pages     = {4411--4415},
  volume    = {42},
  doi       = {10.1016/S0017-9310(99)00102-7},
  publisher = {Elsevier {BV}},
  url       = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0017931099001027},
}
  

@Article{ADAMS19993563,
  author    = {Adams, T. M. and Ghiaasiaan, S. M. and Abdel-Khalik, S. I.},
  journal   = {International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer},
  title     = {Enhancement of {L}iquid {F}orced {C}onvection {H}eat {T}ransfer in {M}icrochannels {D}ue to the {R}elease of {D}issolved {N}oncondensables},
  year      = {1999},
  issn      = {0017-9310},
  month     = {oct},
  number    = {19},
  pages     = {3563-3573},
  volume    = {42},
  abstract  = {An experimental investigation addressing the effect of the release of dissolved noncondensables on the heat transfer in a long, heated microchannel subject to subcooled liquid forced convection was conducted. The convection heat transfer coefficients near the exit of a copper microchannel with 0.76 mm inner diameter and 16 cm heated length, subject to forced-flow cooling by subcooled water, were measured. The range of experimental parameters were: wall heat flux=0.5–2.5 MW/m2; liquid velocity=2.07 to 8.53 m/s; channel exit pressure=5.9 bar. Experiments were performed with degassed water and water saturated with air. The convection heat transfer coefficients obtained with degassed water were systematically under predicted by the widely-used Dittus–Boelter correlation for turbulent pipe flow. The presence of dissolved air in water could increase the heat transfer coefficients by as much as 17%, despite the fact that the maximum increase in the coolant velocity due to the noncondensable gas release was only a few percent. The heat transfer enhancement increased with increasing the heat flux and decreasing the liquid velocity.},
  doi       = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0017-9310(99)00023-X},
  keywords  = {Microchannel, Forced convection, Noncondensables, Two-phase flow, Heat transfer, Enhancement, Void fraction},
  publisher = {Elsevier {BV}},
  url       = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001793109900023X},
}
  

	@Article{Adams_1999-2,
  author    = {T. M. Adams and S. M. Ghiaasiaan and S. I. Abdel-Khalik},
  journal   = {Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer},
  title     = {Effect of {D}issolved {N}condensables on {H}ydrodynamics of {M}icrochannels {S}ubject to {L}iquid {F}orced {C}onvection},
  year      = {1999},
  number    = {6},
  pages     = {395--403},
  volume    = {6},
  abstract  = {The impact of the desorption of dissolved noncondensables on the hydrodynamics of heated, long microchannels subject to liquid forced convection is theoretically studied. A one-dimensional model, based on the solution of mass, momentum, energy and a noncondensable species mass conservation equations, is developed. Parametric calculations representing typical microchannel geometric and flow conditions are then performed. It is shown that the desorption of noncondensables can lead to a gas-liquid two-phase flow and therefore enhance the fluid velocity in microchannels rather significantly, with the enhancement becoming larger as the channel length to diameter ratio is increased. Desorption of the noncondensable and its accompanying evaporation, furthermore, may lead to choking.},
  doi       = {10.1615/JEnhHeatTransf.v6.i6.10},
  publisher = {Begell House},
}

  

@InProceedings{Adams1999-1,
  author    = {Adams, T M, Ghiaasiaan, S M, & Abdel-Khalik, S I},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 33rd national heat transfer conference NHTC'99, Albuquerque, NM},
  title     = {Effect of dissolved noncondensables on liquid forced convection in microchannels},
  year      = {1999},
  month     = aug,
  publisher = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers},
  abstract  = {A method of quantifying the effect of noncondensable desorption on the forced flow of liquids in microchannels subject to a uniform heat flux has been developed. The model is based on the solution of the differential forms of the mass, momentum, energy and noncondensable species conservation equations assuming that the liquid is fully saturated with the noncondensable at the channel inlet. Parametric calculations for conditions encountered in typical microchannel experiments were performed and the results presented. The resulting calculations show that significant noncondensable desorption can take place in microchannel flow resulting in increased liquid velocities and enhanced heat transfer. Experiments were also performed with a 0.76 mm diameter microchannel using both fully degassed water and water saturated with air at the channel inlet. The measured heat transfer coefficients for the air-saturated data were significantly higher than for the fully degassed data in regions where the model predicts significant noncondensable desorption. The forced turbulent convective flow of water in microchannels offers a wide variety of applications including},
}
  

@Article{ADAMS1998851,
  author   = {Adams, T. M. and Abdel-Khalik, S. I. and Jeter, S. M. and Qureshi, Z. H.},
  journal  = {International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer},
  title    = {An experimental investigation of single-phase forced convection in microchannels},
  year     = {1998},
  issn     = {0017-9310},
  number   = {6-7},
  pages    = {851-857},
  volume   = {41},
  abstract = {Turbulent, single-phase forced convection of water in circular microchannels with diameters of 0.76 and 1.09 mm has been investigated. The data show that the Nusselt numbers for the microchannels are higher than those predicted by traditional large channel correlations. Based on the data obtained in this investigation, along with earlier data for smaller diameter channels, a generalized correlation for the Nusselt number for turbulent, single-phase, forced convection in circular microchannels has been developed. The diameter, Reynolds number, and Prandtl number ranges are 0.102–1.09 mm, 2.6 × 103-2.3 × 104, and 1.53–6.43, respectively. With a confidence level of greater than 95%, differences between experimental and predicted Nusselt number values are less than ± 18.6%.},
  doi      = {10.1016/s0017-9310(97)00180-4},
  url      = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0017931097001804},
}

@Article{Adams1997,
  author    = {Adams, T. M. and Abdel-Khalik, S. I. and Jeter, S. M. and Qureshi, Z. H.},
  journal   = {AIChE Symposium Series - Heat Transfer, Baltimore 1997},
  title     = {An {E}xperimental {I}nvestigation of {S}ingle-{P}hase {F}orced {C}onvection in {M}icrochannels},
  year      = {1997},
  month     = aug,
  pages     = {87-94},
  volume    = {93},
  editor    = {El Genk, Mohamed S.},
  publisher = {American Institute of Chemical Engineers.},
  series    = {AIChE Symposium Series},
}